The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasizes the importance of basing development on innovation, forming an institutional framework to promote innovation, and shaping development that is more innovation-driven and that more often takes advantage of first-mover advantages. To achieve "leading development", the key tasks are to liberate and stimulate the potential of science and technology, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and increase the rate of transformation.

Reasons for low S&T conversion rates

From the supply side of the transfer of results, i.e. research institutes and universities.

one isThe problem is that many of the projects that are submitted are impossible to translate. Some researchers do not have the subjective intent to translate when they design a project, so they design it as long as it is easy to get the project.        Second.Quite a number of researchers apply for projects not to solve a production technology problem, but aim to assess the title and win scientific and technological awards, some to complete the research volume and solve the funding to bring graduate students.Three.There is a translational component to the project submission and the results of the research can be translated, but after the project is completed or appraised, there is no energy to think about the translation, but rather to get busy with the preparation of the award or completing other projects.Four.Scientists are unfamiliar with the path to conversion and find it too risky, and researchers and management ignore the results after the project has been accepted and the outside world is unaware of them.Five.Although some subject appraisal opinions are "domestic leading level" and "industry leading level", in fact, they are repetitive research or low technology content research, not really have market potential, promotion value, maturity, suitable for transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Under the decision of these factors, quite a lot of scientific and technological achievements can only be shelved on the shelf, or begin to die out upon completion of the project.

From the demand side of the transformation of results, i.e., the carrier enterprises where research results are landed.More than 90% enterprises have insufficient motivation to develop and transform scientific and technological achievements. The majority of enterprises in China are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are most in need of technical support, but generally lack the conditions for technological innovation and transformation. Some provinces in the central and western region, 90% above enterprises do not have R & D activities, production is basically imitation and rough processing, small-scale enterprises, liquidity constraints, the ability to buy patents and transform the production line is weak, it is difficult to rely on scientific and technological progress in business enterprises. State-owned enterprises have a lot of technical talents and good conditions for research and development, but because of the high risk of investment in science and technology and slow results, they generally only carry out scientific research on the existing production requirements, and it is difficult to transform and promote the application of some scientific and technological content, market potential, but it takes a certain amount of time to see results of scientific and technological achievements in enterprises.

In terms of bridge intermediaries for the translation of results.There is the problem of the bridge not being wide enough. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a systematic project, and the services of intermediary service agencies in the technology market are very much needed in the whole process to help break the links that do not circulate smoothly in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. China's intermediary market is not strong enough to serve enterprises and institutions, and the gap with foreign developed countries is large. For example, the productivity promotion center and entrepreneurship service center directly involved in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the main body of service innovation have a single function, and it is difficult to provide differentiated services, engineering (technology) research center can only serve the relying enterprises, and the initiative to serve the industry in the region has a small capacity of weak; the scientific and technological evaluation center, scientific and technological information office and patent office with knowledge consultation and intellectual services have a small scale and uneven quality. In addition, the market of science and technology factor allocation, property rights trading center, science and technology condition market and technology broker market are few, and there are even fewer cross-regional services or those with strong comprehensive service ability, and the information they have is incomplete, the ability of practitioners is uneven, and their "online and offline" activities are uneven. Most of them are keen to hold technology market fairs, science and technology achievement promotion matchmaking meetings, etc., which are lively but generally effective, and often only play a single communication role, only process without results.

From the government department that oversees the management of results transfer.Insufficient motivation, unchanged management tools, and management systems and methods always lag behind the needs of scientific and technological development. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the "back end" of the functions of the government departments in charge of science and technology, the "front end" of the industrial departments in charge of the "front end", theoretically speaking, are closely related, in these departmental documents in the report are constantly stressed to speed up the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. However, from its annual development report, annual release of relevant data and departmental institutional responsibilities are not the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as the starting point and focus of management work. Projects by the science and technology by the competent departments responsible for the establishment and organization of the assessment, the financial department of the allocation of funds, the main body of innovation to carry out research, after the completion of the acceptance of research projects or the completion of the project, the management of science and technology and financial departments will be completed, the transformation of the results of which no department in charge. The scientific and technological assessment system and the title evaluation system formulated by the government department also take theses and awards as the main evaluation criteria of scientific and technological personnel's scientific research level ability, which leads to the application, promotion and market value of scientific and technological achievements will not be considered in the first place.

How to increase the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements

The problem of low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements will be solved gradually in the process of improving the market economic system. Because with the improvement of the degree of marketization, the obstacles and difficulties to improve the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements will become smaller and smaller, and the market mechanism to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements will become more and more powerful. But marketization is a gradual maturation process, and improve the conversion rate of science and technology is an urgent issue, as a government department to make a realistic choice or only from the institutional level to breakthrough.

Government policy level.China will adhere to a problem-oriented approach, with the removal of institutional obstacles to the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements as a major focus, and pay attention to the coordination of policies across departments. Accelerate the establishment of "government financial investment in science and technology + guarantee discount + property rights pledge + equity financing + venture capital + insurance" of the science and technology financial system, to guide more social capital support for scientific and technological innovation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Accelerate and deepen the reform of S&T talent evaluation mechanism. According to the characteristics of industries and industries, multi-level or more refined title evaluation standards should be formed, and scientific researchers should be allowed to choose to participate in the evaluation, so as to change the unilateral pursuit of the number of theses and monographs in the single title evaluation method and create a social atmosphere of mass entrepreneurship and innovation.

Working level of the scientific and technical authorities.In scientific research institutions and universities and other intangible assets, such as the disposal of scientific and technological achievements of positions and income rights, equity and dividend incentives, technology transfer agencies and technology transfer services, property rights trading market system, and other aspects of the development of highly operational and specific incentive policies; will be technology markets, technology transfer agencies and technology services, encourage scientific and technical personnel to set up and lead scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises and scientific and technological achievements into shares, promote scientific and technological achievements The capitalization and industrialization of science and technology system reform as the main task to design and promote. In the process of transforming management functions and deepening the reform of science and technology plans, projects and funding, the establishment and top design of scientific research projects should be led by the needs of enterprises, with the promotion of the transfer of scientific and technological achievements as the core.

Working level of research institutes and university authorities.Through the establishment of an assessment mechanism, the applied scientific research of research institutes and universities will be guided to aim at the needs of domestic and foreign markets and actively go to the market, and scientific research projects, from the selection of topics to the transformation of results, must closely focus on industrial development, especially with the development of emerging industries. Through the establishment of a classification assessment mechanism, personnel of research institutes and universities are guided to focus on teaching, scientific research and transformation, encourage crossover, and allow projects entrusted by enterprises to be included in the scope of scientific research performance assessment indicators.

Working level of the enterprise authorities.The key to responding to the innovation-driven strategy is to promote enterprises to become the main body of the innovation system. Increase the weight of state-owned enterprises' scientific and technological investment and transformation assessment indicators, and give equal importance to the assessment of the team, especially the main person in charge, from the single profit assessment in the past to the assessment of profit and scientific and technological investment and transformation benefits. Accelerate the construction of the innovation environment for science and technology-based small, medium and micro enterprises, and increase the proportion of influential science and technology personnel and managers of science and technology-based small, medium and micro enterprises in the establishment, assessment and merit evaluation of financial science and technology investment projects. Encourage the establishment of a risk fund for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, with financial investment as the mainstay of investment by small, medium and micro enterprises.

(Article source: study times)